Radiotherapy (RT) is used routinely as a standard treatment for more than 50% of patients
with malignant tumors. The abscopal effect induced by local RT, which is considered as a …

Considerable interest is being directed toward combining immune-checkpoint inhibition (ICI)
with radiotherapy to improve response rates to ICI, which have been disappointingly low at …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4),
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), or programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) have …

Although radiotherapy has been used for over a century to locally control tumor growth,
alone it rarely induces an abscopal response or systemic antitumor immunity capable of …

Cancer immunotherapy has experienced remarkable advances in recent years. Striking
clinical responses have been achieved for several types of solid cancers (eg melanoma …

Melanoma is an extremely aggressive tumor and is considered to be an extremely
immunogenic tumor because compared to other cancers it usually presents a well …

Radiotherapy (RT), the major anti-cancer modality for more than half of cancer patients after
diagnosis, has the advantage of local tumor control with relatively less systematic side …

Background and purpose Immune checkpoint inhibitor with radiation therapy (ICI+ RT) is
under investigation for improved patient outcome, so we performed a systematic …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor induces tumor rejection by activated host immune system. The
anti-tumor immune response consists of capture, presentation, recognition of neoantigen, as …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) during cancer treatment is rarely
observed (< 5%). ICI-P is more often observed in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer …