Stressful stimuli in healthy subjects trigger activation of a consistent and reproducible set of
brain regions; yet, the notion that there is a single and constant stress neuromatrix is not …

TGF-β/Smad signalling has been the subject of extensive research due to its role in the cell
cycle and carcinogenesis. Modifications to the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway have been …

Background Hippocampal volume loss is a hallmark of clinical depression. Chronic stress
produces volume loss in the hippocampus in humans and atrophy of CA3 pyramidal cells …

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for several human disorders that affect modern societies.
The brain is a key target of chronic stress. In fact, there is growing evidence indicating that …

Exposure to chronic stress is frequently accompanied by cognitive and affective disorders in
association with neurostructural adaptations. Chronic stress was previously shown to trigger …

Major depressive disorder is a common and complex mental disorder with unknown
etiology. GABAergic dysfunction is likely to contribute to the pathophysiology since disrupted …

Lipids play an important role in neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and psychiatric
disorders and an imbalance in sphingolipid levels is associated with disease. Although early …

Stress during sensitive developmental periods can adversely affect physical and
psychological development and contribute to later-life mental disorders. In particular …

Exposure to severe or persistent social stress may lead to the development of psychiatric
disorders such as anxiety and depression. These mood disorders are associated with …

Unpredictable aversive experiences, or stressors, lead to changes in depression-and
anxiety-related behavior and to changes in hippocampal structure including decreases in …