Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a blinding eye disease which incidence
gradually increases with age. Inflammation participates in AMD pathogenesis, including …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndMT)
are physiological processes required for normal embryogenesis. However, these processes …

The TGF-β signaling pathway plays a crucial role in several key aspects of development and
tissue homeostasis. TGF-β ligands and their mediators have been shown to be important …

Microglia are the main resident immune cells of the nervous system and as such they are
involved in multiple roles ranging from tissue homeostasis to response to insults and circuit …

The eye is an immune privileged tissue that insulates the visual system from local and
systemic immune provocation to preserve homeostatic functions of highly specialized retinal …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of severe irreversible central
vision loss in individuals over 65 years old. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) …

Constitutive TGFβ signaling is important in maintaining retinal neurons and blood vessels
and is a factor contributing to the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a retinal …

Microglia are the primary resident retinal macrophages that monitor neuronal activity in real-
time and facilitate angiogenesis during retinal development. In certain retinal diseases, the …

The multifunctional transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-βs) have been extensively studied
regarding their role in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration …

Neuronal degeneration in the zebrafish retina stimulates Müller glia (MG) to proliferate and
generate multipotent progenitors for retinal repair. Controlling this proliferation is critical to …