Large language models (LLMs) have come closest among all models to date to mastering
human language, yet opinions about their linguistic and cognitive capabilities remain split …

Because context has a robust influence on the processing of subsequent words, the idea
that readers and listeners predict upcoming words has attracted research attention, but …

Beginning to Read reconciles the debate that has divided theorists for decades over what is
the" right" way to help children learn to read. Beginning to Read reconciles the debate that …

Cognitive Linguistics argues that language is governed by general cognitive principles,
rather than by a special-purpose language module. This introductory textbook surveys the …

In contrast to expectation-based, predictive views of discourse comprehension, a model is
developed in which the initial processing is strictly bottom-up. Word meanings are activated …

We describe the key features of the visual world paradigm and review the main research
areas where it has been used. In our discussion we highlight that the paradigm provides …

A parallel distributed processing model of visual word recognition and pronunciation is
described. The model consists of sets of orthographic and phonological units and an …

Reading is a highly complex skill that is prerequisite to success in many societies in which a
great deal of information is communicated in written form. Since the 1970s, much has been …

Ambiguity resolution is a central problem in language comprehension. Lexical and syntactic
ambiguities are standardly assumed to involve different types of knowledge representations …

The process of spoken word-recognition breaks down into three basic functions, of access,
selection and integration. Access concerns the mapping of the speech input onto the …