The diversity of life in the sea is critical to the health of ocean ecosystems that support living
resources and therefore essential to the economic, nutritional, recreational, and health …

The oceans play a key role in global issues such as climate change, food security, and
human health. Given their vast dimensions and internal complexity, efficient monitoring and …

The health of the ocean, central to human well-being, has now reached a critical point. Most
fish stocks are overexploited, climate change and increased dissolved carbon dioxide are …

Coral reefs are exceptionally biodiverse and human dependence on their ecosystem
services is high. Reefs experience significant direct and indirect anthropogenic pressures …

Space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) are key elements for facilitating high-speed
seamless connectivity to the devices/users in infrastructure-less environments, where the …

The deep ocean is the largest ecosystem on the planet, constituting greater than 90% of all
habitable space. Over three-quarters of countries globally have deep ocean within their …

With the availability of petabytes of oceanographic observations and numerical model
simulations, artificial intelligence (AI) tools are being increasingly leveraged in a variety of …

The ocean plays a crucial role in the functioning of the Earth System and in the provision of
vital goods and services. The United Nations (UN) declared 2021–2030 as the UN Decade …

Marine animals equipped with biological and physical electronic sensors have produced
long-term data streams on key marine environmental variables, hydrography, animal …

Capacity development is a major priority in the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for
Sustainable Development (the Decade). Persistent disparities in ocean science capacity …