Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with many human
diseases. So far, however, we have failed to define homeostasis or dysbiosis by the …

Changes in the composition of gut-associated microbial communities are associated with
many human illnesses, but the factors driving dysbiosis remain incompletely understood …

Understanding microbial gene functions relies on the application of experimental genetics in
cultured microorganisms. However, the vast majority of bacteria and archaea remain …

Escherichia coli is the most researched microbial organism in the world. Its varied impact on
human health, consisting of commensalism, gastrointestinal disease, or extraintestinal …

The pattern-recognition receptor NOD2 senses bacterial muropeptides to regulate host
immunity and maintain homeostasis. Loss-of-function mutations in NOD2 are associated …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a long-term, progressive, and recurrent intestinal
inflammatory disorder. The pathogenic mechanisms of IBD are multifaceted and associated …

Background & Aims Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an emerging treatment
modality for ulcerative colitis (UC). Several randomized controlled trials have shown efficacy …

Background Mounting experimental evidence has shown that the gut microbiota plays a
significant role in the pathogenesis of mastitis, and clinical investigations have found that the …

The colorectal cancer (CRC)-associated microbiota creates a pro-tumorigenic intestinal
milieu and shapes immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. However, how …

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a gastrointestinal inflammatory disease caused
by malnutrition and chronic infection. EED is associated with stunting in children and …