Abstract Interleukin (IL)− 33, a nuclear factor and pleiotropic cytokine of the IL-1 family, is
gaining attention owing to its important role in chronic inflammatory and autoimmune …

Importance Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common human organ
malformation, affecting approximately 1 of 125 newborns globally. Objectives Assessing the …

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) represent the final treatment for patients with end-
stage heart failure (HF) not eligible for transplantation. Although LVAD design has been …

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family. It is primarily associated with
type 2 immune responses. It interacts with a receptor complex on immune cells in reaction to …

Advanced heart failure (AdvHF) can only be treated definitively by heart transplantation
(HTx), yet problems such right ventricle dysfunction (RVD), rejection, cardiac allograft …

Background: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is considered the gold standard for monitoring
allograft rejection after heart transplantation. EMB is an invasive procedure that may be …

Several reports have highlighted the dichotomous nature of the IL-33 system in cardiac and
lung disease, where this cytokine can exert both protective effects and drive pro …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has long been the leading cause of global morbidity and
mortality, largely due to deaths caused by stroke, heart failure (HF), hypertensive heart …