Via its interaction in several pathways, normal thyroid function is important to maintain
normal reproduction. In both genders, changes in SHBG and sex steroids are a consistent …

Purpose We herein aimed to review the new insights into the impact of impaired thyroid
function on male and female fertility, spacing from spontaneous pregnancy to ART, with the …

Severe thyroid dysfunction may lead to menstrual disorders and subfertility. Fertility
problems may persist even after restoring normal thyroid function, and then an assisted …

Male infertility is approaching a concerning prevalence worldwide, and inflicts various
impacts on the affected couple. The hormonal assessment is a vital component of male …

Background Individually, thyroid disease and sexual dysfunction are common conditions
that can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Recent reports have documented an …

The highly conserved nature of the thyroid gland and the thyroid system among mammalian
species suggests it is critical to species survival. Studies show the thyroid system plays a …

Thyroid hormones act on testis in multiple ways and exert their effect on different cell types,
including Leydig and Sertoli cells, and germ cells. An excess or deficit of thyroid hormones …

Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism and
various systemic manifestations, including thyroid eye disease (TED) and, less commonly …

Thyroid hormone deficiency affects all tissues of the body, including multiple endocrine
changes that alter growth hormone, corticotrophin, glucocorticoids, and gonadal function …

Despite the high prevalence of thyroid diseases in the general population, the impact of the
latter on male reproductive function has been the subject of only a few well-controlled …