In recent years tokamak experiments and modelling have increasingly indicated that the
interaction between suprathermal (fast) ions and thermal plasma can lead to a reduction of …

Fast ions' effects on turbulence-driven zonal flow generation are investigated in the context
of a simple reduced model based on the Hasegawa–Mima equation. Fast ions' much higher …

Theoretical progress in understanding E× B shear suppression of turbulence and zonal flow
relaxation in collisionless toroidal plasma is reviewed. Dependence on the magnetic field …

Full f and gyrokinetic particle simulations of Alfvén waves and energetic particle physics -
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In this work, we put forward a general phase space transport theory in axisymmetric tokamak
plasmas based upon the concept of zonal state (ZS). Within this theoretical framework, the …

The effects of fusion-born alpha (α) particles on zonal flow (ZF) driven by collisionless
trapped electron mode (CTEM) turbulence are analytically investigated, using gyrokinetic …

Residual level (R ZF) of long wavelength zonal flows in high aspect ratio collisionless
toroidal plasma with a bi-Maxwellian distribution is calculated using the modern bounce …

Energetic particle (EP) transport exhibits multiple spatio-temporal scales and nonlinear
behaviors. Electromagnetic kinetic effects, EP anisotropy, symmetry breaking and nonlinear …