The prevalence of autoimmune diseases (ADs) worldwide has rapidly increased over the
past few decades. Thus, in addition to the classical risk factors for ADs, such as genetic …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) where immunopathology is thought to be mediated by myelin-reactive CD4+ T …

In addition to protecting body from infections and diseases, the immune system produces
auto-antibodies that can cause complex autoimmune disorders, such as Type I diabetes …

A large and expending body of evidence indicates that the gut-brain axis likely plays a
crucial role in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). As a whole, the gut …

Biological barriers are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis in health and disease.
Breakdown of the intestinal barrier is an essential aspect of the pathophysiology of …

Background: Recent evidence suggests a role for the gut–brain axis in the pathophysiology
of multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials and methods: We studied biomarkers of intestinal …

The gut barrier consists of several components, including the mucus layer, made of mucins
and anti-bacterial molecule, the epithelial cells, connected by tight junction proteins, and a …

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) have a distinct intestinal microbial community
(microbiota) and increased low-grade translocation of bacteria from the intestines into the …

Background Glucocorticoid resistance has been associated with Th17‐driven inflammation,
the mechanisms of which are not clear. We determined whether human and mouse Th17 …

Helper T (Th) cells secret specific cytokines that promote immune responses whereas
glucocorticoids limit the extent of immune responses by inhibiting cytokine secretion and …