Collinear regulation of Hox genes in space and time has been an outstanding question ever
since the initial work of Ed Lewis in 1978. Here we discuss recent advances in our …

Since their discovery Hox genes have been at the core of the established models explaining
the development and evolution of the vertebrate body plan as well as its paired …

Sturgeons seem to be frozen in time. The archaic characteristics of this ancient fish lineage
place it in a key phylogenetic position at the base of the~ 30,000 modern teleost fish …

The mammalian HoxD cluster lies between two topologically associating domains (TADs)
matching distinct enhancer-rich regulatory landscapes. During limb development, the …

The regulatory specificity of enhancers and their interaction with gene promoters is thought
to be controlled by their sequence and the binding of transcription factors. By studying Pitx1 …

The precise expression of genes in time and space during embryogenesis is largely
influenced by communication between enhancers and promoters, which is propagated and …

Chromatin domains and loops are important elements of chromatin structure and dynamics,
but much remains to be learned about their exact biological role and nature. Topological …

Ever since their first report in 1984, Antennapedia-type homeobox (Hox) genes have been
involved in such a series of interesting observations, in particular due to their conserved …

In vertebrate embryos, anterior tissues are generated early, followed by the other axial
structures that emerge sequentially from a posterior growth zone. The genetic network …

The vertebrate limb continues to serve as an influential model of growth, morphogenesis
and pattern formation. With this Review, we aim to give an up-to-date picture of how a …