The mammalian intestinal tract harbors trillions of microorganisms confined within this space
by mucosal barriers. Despite these barriers, bacterial components may still be found …

Delivery of vaccines via the mucosal route is regarded as the most effective mode of
immunization to counteract infectious diseases that enter via mucosal tissues, including oral …

For many decades, the proper functioning of the human body has become a leading
scientific topic. In the course of numerous experiments, a striking impact of probiotics on the …

Background Hypertrophic scars (HS) affect millions of people each year and require better
treatment strategies. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are advantaged by low cost and …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of highly prevalent cancer. Immunotherapy with immune
checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically changed the landscape of treatment for many …

Tumor neoantigens are widely used in cancer immunotherapy, and a growing body of
research suggests that microbes play an important role in these neoantigen-based …

Simple Summary In situ vaccination (ISV) envisages the intratumoral injection of
immunostimulatory molecules, which inflame the tumor and induce anti-tumor immune …

Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN 1917) exhibits distinct tumor-targeting activity, and early
studies demonstrated that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) mediate bacteria–host …

Background Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide, with
high clonal heterogeneity due to somatic mutations. Poly neoepitope vaccines can inhibit …

Gastric Cancer (GC) is a prevalent malignancy globally and is the third leading cause of
cancer-related deaths. Recent researches focused on the correlation between intestinal …