Experimental efforts to understand how the brain represents, stores and processes
information require high-fidelity recordings of multiple different forms of neural activity within …

One of the most frequent statements, provided in different variations in the introduction of
experimental studies on multiple sclerosis (MS), is that “Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating …

Immune privilege of the central nervous system (CNS) has been ascribed to the presence of
a blood–brain barrier and the lack of lymphatic vessels within the CNS parenchyma …

It is uncontested that perivascular spaces play critical roles in maintaining homeostasis and
priming neuroinflammation. However, despite more than a century of intense research on …

In multiple sclerosis, brain-reactive T cells invade the central nervous system (CNS) and
induce a self-destructive inflammatory process. T-cell infiltrates are not only found within the …

The germinal centre (GC) reaction supports affinity-based B-cell competition and generates
high-affinity bone-marrow plasma cells (BMPCs),. How follicular T-helper (TFH) cells …

Growing evidence from cerebrospinal fluid samples and post-mortem brain tissue from
individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and rodent models indicates that the meninges have …

The quality of genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) has improved dramatically in
recent years, but high-performing ratiometric indicators are still rare. Here we describe a …

In autoimmune neurologic disorders, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays a central role in
immunopathogenesis, since this vascular interface is an entry path for cells and effector …

Clinical trial results of peripheral B cell depletion indicate abnormal proinflammatory B cell
properties, and particularly antibody-independent functions, contribute to relapsing MS …