In the past 15 years, B cells have been rediscovered to be not merely bystanders but rather
active participants in autoimmune aetiology. This has been fuelled in part by the clinical …

The increasingly recognized role of different types of B cells and plasma cells in protective
and pathogenic immune responses combined with technological advances have generated …

Vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have
shown high efficacy, but immunocompromised participants were excluded from controlled …

Protective humoral memory forms in secondary lymphoid organs where B cells undergo
affinity maturation and differentiation into memory or plasma cells. Here, we provide a …

Immunological memory is a composite of lasting antibody titers maintained by plasma cells
in conjunction with memory T and B cells. Memory B cells are a critical reservoir for plasma …

The liver plays a critical role in both immune defense and tolerance in the body. The liver-
resident immune cells (LrICs) determine the immune properties, but the unique composition …

Success with B cell depletion using rituximab has proven the concept that B lineage cells
represent a valid target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and has promoted the …

Class-switch recombination (CSR) is a DNA recombination process that replaces the
immunoglobulin (Ig) constant region for the isotype that can best protect against the …

Memory B cells (MBCs) are critical for the rapid development of protective immunity
following re-infection. MBCs capable of neutralizing distinct subclasses of pathogens, such …

A key feature of the adaptive immune system is the generation of memory B and T cells and
long-lived plasma cells, providing protective immunity against recurring infectious agents …