Bacteriophages, or simply phages, are viruses infecting bacteria. With an estimated 1031
particles in the biosphere, phages outnumber bacteria by a factor of at least 10 and not …

Comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses
(bacteriophages) are coevolving. This process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where …

Escherichia coli O157: H7 is a major food-borne infectious pathogen that causes diarrhea,
hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Here we report the complete …

In response to the emergence of pathogenic bacteria that cannot be treated with current
antibiotics, many researchers are revisiting the use of bacteriophages, or phages, to fight …

The majority of the bacterial genome sequences deposited in the National Center for
Biotechnology Information database contain prophage sequences. Analysis of the …

There are common themes among bacteriophage-encoded virulence factors, which include
the well-characterized bacterial toxins and proteins that alter antigenicity as well as several …

Shiga toxins (Stx) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are generally encoded
in the genome of lambdoid bacteriophages, which spend the most time of their life cycle …

Shiga toxins (Stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and
animal disease. Stx are mainly produced by Escherichia coli isolated from human and non …

Type III secreted “effector” proteins of bacterial pathogens play central roles in virulence, yet
are notoriously difficult to identify. We used an in vivo genetic screen to identify 13 effectors …

As it descended from Escherichia coli O55: H7, Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC)
O157: H7 is believed to have acquired, in sequence, a bacteriophage encoding Stx2 and …