I have attempted to reach a wide range of readers, from those with no formal forestry
education through to forest scientists involved in research. This has meant dealing with …

Diameter, height and volume increment of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway
spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands were investigated in long-term thinning experiments …

The growth and yield of silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), up to the first thinning stage and
partly beyond, were studied in four planting design experiments. Stands were established …

In Fennoscandia, large areas that have not been subjected to pre-commercial thinning
(PCT), and thus support dense stands, are becoming suitable for harvesting biomass …

Stem biomass yields and stand closure, with different numbers of Salix plants per hectare
and different distances between single rows and double rows, were assessed during the first …

The external quality of Silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) was studied in four planting
design experiments in stands aged 11–22 yrs. The stands were established using densities …

Pre-commercial thinning (PCT) is a common measure in Norway spruce (Picea abies L.
Karst.) stands but the profitability of doing PCT and timing of PCT has not been fully …

The underlying reason for mechanizing tree planting in southern Sweden is the biologically
good planting results produced by today's tree planting machines. Nevertheless, the …

The choice of spacing among trees for operational plantations is typically based on one or
more experimental plantations that test for the response of tree and stand growth to a range …

Historically square or almost square spacing design has been used in plantation forest, as it
has been claimed to maximize productivity. In this study, based on field experiments …