Plasma and beam diagnostic methods for high-current-density negative ion sources are
reviewed. The pulse laser–induced photodetachment method was widely used to measure …

To reach fusion conditions and control plasma configuration in ITER, a suitable combination
of additional heating and current drive systems is necessary. Among them, two Neutral …

We present the development and first use of a set of movable electrostatic probes on the full-
scale ITER heating neutral beam prototype negative-ion source SPIDER. The probes access …

Abstract The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is a large
scientific device that is preferentially deployed in China's" Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for the …

The SPIDER experiment, operated at the Neutral Beam Test Facility of Consorzio RFX,
Padua, hosts the prototype of the H−/D− ion source for the ITER neutral beam injectors. The …

Plasma parameter measurements for negative hydrogen (H−) ion sources have been
playing an important role in clarifying fundamental physics related to negative ion production …

When the working gas of a negative ion source is changed from hydrogen to its isotope,
deuterium, an'isotope effect'is observed; namely, several plasma characteristics such as the …

Abstract The Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology (CRAFT) is a large
scientific facility that is preferentially deployed for the construction of major national science …

Abstract The Heating Neutral Beam Injectors (HNBs) for ITER will have to deliver 16.7 MW
beams of H/D particles at 1 MeV energy. The beams will be produced from H−/D− ions …

Among the heating and current drive system which are being developed for the ITER
experimental reactor, 2 neutral beam injectors with a power of 16.5 MW each will be based …