Forecasting eruptions is a fundamental goal of volcanology. However, difficulties in
identifying eruptive precursors, fragmented approaches and lack of resources make eruption …

Over long periods of time (~ Ma), we may consider the oceans, atmosphere and biosphere
as a single exospheric reservoir for CO2. The geological carbon cycle describes the inputs …

Volcanoes are the main pathway to the surface for volatiles that are stored within the Earth.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is of particular interest because of its potential for climate forcing …

Crystals formed prior to a volcanic event can provide evidence of processes leading to and
timing of eruptions. Clinopyroxene is common in basaltic to intermediate volcanoes …

Volcanism and metamorphism are the principal geologic processes that drive carbon
transfer from the interior of Earth to the surface reservoir. 1–4 Input of carbon to the surface …

Explosive volcanic eruptions constitute a major class of natural hazard with potentially
profound economic and societal consequences. Although such eruptions cannot be …

The major magmatic volatile components—H2O, CO2, S, Cl, and F—play an important role
in the formation, evolution, and eruption of magma. Knowledge of magmatic concentrations …

Open-vent, persistently degassing volcanoes—such as Stromboli and Etna (Italy), Villarrica
(Chile), Bagana and Manam (Papua New Guinea), Fuego and Pacaya (Guatemala) …

During the reawaking of a volcano, magmas migrating through the shallow crust have to
pass through hydrothermal fluids and rocks. The resulting magma–hydrothermal interactions …

Some 300–600 Tg of volatiles are globally vented each year by arc volcanism. Such arc gas
emissions have contributed to past and present-day evolution of the Earth atmosphere and …