The term IoT technology is associated with many fields, including scientific, commercial,
industrial, health, transportation and other fields, which became a necessity of daily life …

Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Makkah, is one of the most massive gathering events in the
world. It is a mandatory religious activity, once in a lifetime for every sane well-off Muslim …

Hajj and Umrah are Muslims' religious pilgrimages to Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Hajj is
considered the largest annual gathering in the world. In Islam, every adult is obligated to …

Emerging technologies provide a highly compatible platform for analyzing substantial data
volumes relating to crowd management. These technologies are not only effective in …

When people form crowds without an orderly arrangement, we need to consider how to best
control their movement to provide safety and maximize their experience. Controlling a large …

One of the major concerns throughout the world in all the places of large gatherings during
an event is crowd control. The event can be of any form ranging from gatherings of few …

Crowd density estimation is a challenging research problem in computer vision and has
many applications in commercial and defense sectors. Various crowd density estimation …

Except for the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, millions of Muslims
travel each year to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, for the Hajj pilgrimage, which is one of the 5 pillars …

Crowds form for a variety of reasons and crowd control must be considered in order to
provide a safe and enjoyable experience when a massive gathering of people forms a …

Emerging technologies provide a highly compatible platform for analyzing substantial data
volumes relating to crowd management. ese technologies are not only effective in providing …