Natural killer (NK) cells, a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells, act as the first line of defense
against cancer. Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary …

Dendritic cells (DCs) can be viewed as translators between innate and adaptive immunity.
They integrate signals derived from tissue infection or damage and present processed …

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major public health problem and causes a range of diseases
from self-healing infections to chronic disfiguring disease. Currently, there is no vaccine for …

Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that control the migration and positioning of immune
cells in tissues and are critical for the function of the innate immune system. Chemokines …

DC-derived exosomes (Dex) are nanometer-sized membrane vesicles that are secreted by
the sentinel antigen-presenting cells of the immune system: DCs. Like DCs, the molecular …

Chemokines are chemo tactic cyto kines that control the migratory patterns and positioning
of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators …

The leishmaniases are diseases caused by pathogenic protozoan parasites of the genus
Leishmania. Infections are initiated when a sand fly vector inoculates Leishmania parasites …

The natural killer (NK)-cell immunological synapse is the dynamic interface formed between
an NK cell and its target cell. Formation of the NK-cell immunological synapse involves …

Natural killer (NK) cells can be swiftly mobilized by danger signals and are among the
earliest arrivals at target organs of disease. However, the role of NK cells in mounting …

Natural killer (NK) cells are important effector cells in the control of infections. The cellular
and molecular signals required for NK cell activation in vivo remain poorly defined. By using …