Abstract Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic and threatened many lives.
Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly causes respiratory diseases, growing data indicate that SARS …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology
and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The …

The rapidly evolving pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-
CoV-2) infection worldwide cost many lives. The angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) …

Abstract Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important role as a member of
the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) in regulating the conversion of …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered to be part of the endocrine
system regulating water and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance, blood …

Vitamin D represents a group of secosteroids involved in the calcium and phosphate
metabolism. The active form of vitamin D, 1, 25-dihydroxylcalciferol, exerts its biological …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased exponentially
in numbers with more than 20 million people infected around the globe. It is clear that …

The current pandemic caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) has become a public health emergency. To date, March 1, 2021, coronavirus …

Depression remains a debilitating condition with an uncertain aetiology. Recently, attention
has been given to the renin–angiotensin system. In the central nervous system, angiotensin …

Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) is a hormonal system that regulates blood pressure and
fluid balance through a coordinated action of renal, cardiovascular, and central nervous …