Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

Advances in cancer therapy in the past few years include the development of medications
that modulate immune checkpoint proteins. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and …

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a condition characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency of
adrenal cortisol production. Primary AI (PAI) is rare and is caused by direct adrenal failure …

Hypophysitis that develops in cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibodies blocking
cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4; an inhibitory molecule classically …

Hypophysitis is a chronic inflammation of the pituitary gland of unknown (primary forms) or
recognizable (secondary forms) etiology, such as the use of ipilimumab in cancer …

Novel immune checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab, an antibody blocking the cytotoxic T-
lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), is revolutionizing cancer therapy. However, ipilimumab …

Introduction Advances in immunotherapy have transformed the management of metastatic
melanoma and generated encouraging results in the treatment of other malignancies …

Hypophysitis is defined as inflammation of the pituitary gland that is primary or secondary to
a local or systemic process. Differential diagnosis is broad (including primary tumors …

Adrenal insufficiency is the clinical manifestation of deficient production or action of
glucocorticoids, with or without deficiency also in mineralocorticoids and adrenal androgens …

Objective: The objective is to provide clinical guidelines for the management of thyroid
problems present during pregnancy and in the postpartum. Participants: The Chair was …