China's iron and steel industry mainly adopts the “BF-BOF” steelmaking process (Blast
furnace-Basic oxygen furnace) with coal as the main energy source. Therefore, a large …

In steel industry and in mines, a significant amount of ultra-fines waste iron oxides and iron
ore fines is generated. Utilizations of these fines are required to reduce the environmental …

In India, the use of iron ore pellets in the blast furnace, electric arc furnace, or sponge iron
production is continuously optimized, considering different aspects of the production chain …

The iron and steel industry currently continues to be dominated by blast furnace production,
and fossil fuels burning makes it a major carbon consumer, emitter, and polluter. Under the …

Hematite ore pellets require a much higher induration temperature than magnetite ore
pellets because no exothermic heat is generated due to oxidation inside during induration …

Coke or anthracite coal is traditionally used as the carbon source in the hematite ore pellet
for providing in-situ heat and enhancing diffusion bonding and slag bonding. Blast furnace …

Bentonite is the most common binder used in iron ore pelletisation owing to its good
bonding properties in green and dry pellets at both ambient and elevated temperatures …

Magnetite ore pellets oxidize to hematite during their induration in a mild oxidizing
atmosphere of strand which produces internal heat in the pellet and enhances diffusion …

Understanding the complex process of iron ore pellet induration is crucial in a straight grate
system in the steelmaking industry. There is no attempt made so far to predict the behavior of …

Carbon is used in the hematite ore pellet as a partial heat source for induration. Apart from
this, it has several other roles in the pellet. To achieve the maximum benefit of carbon in …