Biofilm describes a microbially-derived sessile community in which microbial cells are firmly
attached to the substratum and embedded in extracellular polymeric matrix. Microbial …

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a fundamental tool in modern
therapeutics, notably due to the expanding versatility of photosensitizers (PSs) and the …

Bacterial biofilms represent a major concern at a worldwide level due to the high demand for
implantable medical devices and the rising numbers of bacterial resistance. The complex …

In recent years, infection caused by drug-resistant bacteria has become a serious public
health problem. The exploration of antibacterial therapies other than antibiotics has attracted …

Microorganisms thrive in well-organized biofilm ecosystems. Biofilm-associated cells
typically show increased resistance to antibiotics and contribute significantly to treatment …

A biofilm is an aggregation of surface-associated microbial cells that is confined in an
extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Infections caused by microbes that form …

In this modern era, medicine is facing many alarming challenges. Among different
challenges, antibiotics are gaining importance. Recent years have seen unprecedented …

Dental caries is a common disease caused by plaque biofilms, which are important
pathogenic factors in many diseases. When hosts are overexposed to dietary sugars …

The high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causing skin
and soft tissue infections in both the community and healthcare settings challenges the …

Biofilms are aggregates formed as a protective survival state by microorganisms to adapt to
the environment and can be resistant to antimicrobial agents and host immune responses …