Solar energetic particles, or SEPs, from suprathermal (few keV) up to relativistic (∼∼ few
GeV) energies are accelerated near the Sun in at least two ways:(1) by magnetic …

A comprehensive review is given of the theory and properties of nonrelativistic shocks in hot
collisionless plasmas—in view of their possible application in astrophysics. Understanding …

Global hybrid (electron fluid, kinetic ions) and fully kinetic simulations of the magnetosphere
have been used to show surprising interconnection between shocks, turbulence, and …

This chapter provides an overview of current efforts in the theory and modeling of CMEs.
Five key areas are discussed:(1) CME initiation;(2) CME evolution and propagation;(3) the …

The complex interaction between shocks and plasma turbulence is extremely important to
address crucial features of energy conversion in a broad range of astrophysical systems. We …

Abstract Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) are an important component of Space Weather,
including radiation hazard to humans and electronic equipment, and the ionisation of the …

We use kinetic hybrid simulations (kinetic ions–fluid electrons) to characterize the fraction of
ions that are accelerated to non-thermal energies at non-relativistic collisionless shocks. We …

The subject of this paper is stochastic acceleration by plasma turbulence, a process akin to
the original model proposed by Fermi. We review the relative merits of different acceleration …

We present a review of Anomalous Cosmic Rays (ACRs), including the history of their
discovery and recent insights into their acceleration and transport in the heliosphere. We …

Energetic particles represent an important component of the plasma in the heliosphere.
They range from particles accelerated at impulsive events in the solar corona and at large …