Chronic inflammation and immune responses are two core element that characterize the
tumor microenvironment. A large number of immune/inflammatory cells (including tumor …

Tumor microenvironment is a complex system that contains multiple cells and cytokines.
Among the multiple immune cells, macrophage is particularly abundant and plays an …

The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) family plays relevant roles in the regulation of
different cellular processes that are essential for tissue and organ homeostasis. In the case …

The transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) family signalling pathways play essential roles
in the regulation of different cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation …

Sustained hepatic inflammation is an important factor in progression of chronic liver
diseases, including hepatitis C or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver inflammation is …

The spread of cancer cells to distant organs represents a major clinical challenge in the
treatment of cancer. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has emerged as a key …

The development of oncoprotein-targeted anticancer drugs is an invaluable weapon in the
war against cancer. However, cancers do not give up without a fight. They may develop …

Cancer cells adapt to varying stress conditions to survive through plasticity. Stem cells
exhibit a high degree of plasticity, allowing them to generate more stem cells or differentiate …

TGF-β is known to influence tumour progression. Here we report an additional role of Smad3
in the tumour microenvironment regulating cancer progression. Deletion or inhibition of …

Simple Summary Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling is crucial to maintain
tissue homeostasis. Alterations in TGF-β signaling impact tissue functions and favor the …