Corresponding to the topics of Team 4 of the International Commission on Biological Effects
of Noise (ICBEN), a literature review is presented covering the years 2017 to 2021 with a …

Referring to the well-replicated finding that the presence of to-be-ignored sound disrupts
short-term memory for serially-presented visual items, the irrelevant sound effect (ISE) is an …

Task-irrelevant auditory stimuli such as speech are known to disrupt the retention of serial
information held in verbal short-term memory (STM). Although such effects of irrelevant …

Masking experienced when target speech is accompanied by a single interfering voice is
often primarily informational masking (IM). IM is generally greater when the interferer is …

The empirically robust phenomenon of impaired verbal short-term memory due to task-
irrelevant background speech is known as the Irrelevant Sound Effect (ISE). Yet, the …

Immediate serial recall of visually presented items is reliably impaired by task-irrelevant
speech that the participants are instructed to ignore (“irrelevant speech effect,” ISE). The ISE …

Two competing accounts propose that the disruption of short-term memory by irrelevant
speech arises either due to interference-by-process (eg, changing-state effect) or attentional …

Task-irrelevant speech or music sounds are known to disrupt verbal short-term memory
even when participants are instructed to ignore the sound, suggesting that automatically …

The impact of an extraneous formant on intelligibility is affected by the extent (depth) of
variation in its formant-frequency contour. Two experiments explored whether this impact …

The finding that irrelevant sound that changes from one token to the next disrupts serial
recall performance more strongly than steady-state sound is well established as the …