Larvicides based on the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti) and
Lysinibacillus sphaericus are effective and environmentally safe compounds for the control …

Many of the most dangerous human diseases are transmitted by insect vectors. After
decades of repeated insecticide use, all of these vector species have demonstrated the …

Highlights•New resistance mutations are predicted to be costly but this is rarely shown in the
field.•Fitness costs are predicted to be offset by 'modifier'loci but specific examples are …

Mosquitoes within the Culex pipiens complex are widely distributed and important in the
transmission of many human diseases. Insecticides, pyrethroids in particular, remain a …

Malaria is still a major burden causing the death of nearly 655,000 people each year, mostly
in children under the age of five, and affecting those living in the poorest countries [1] …

Use of pesticides can have substantial nonlethal impacts on nontarget species, including
driving evolutionary change, often with unknown consequences for species, ecosystems …

The extensive use of insecticides to control vector populations has lead to the widespread
development of different mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Mutations that confer …

Objective To evaluate how stress at the larval stage alters adult mosquito performance and
susceptibility to viral infection. Methods We used a model system consisting of Sindbis virus …

The directional selection for insecticide resistance due to indiscriminate use of insecticides
in public health and agricultural system favors an increase in the frequency of insecticide …

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus)(Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a global
pest of crucifer crops, mainly controlled with insecticides. However, this moth has shown …