The interaction between predator and prey is an evolutionary arms race, for which early
detection by either party is often the key to success. In aquatic ecosystems, olfaction is an …

Predation is one of the most important selection pressures acting on prey behaviour. While
numerous studies have shown that when predation risk is high, prey tend to increase …

Prey species possess a variety of morphological, life history and behavioural adaptations to
evade predators. While specific evolutionary conditions have led to the expression of …

While some prey species possess an innate recognition of their predators, others require
learning to recognize their predators. The specific characteristics of the predators that prey …

Prey animals often have to face a dynamic tradeoff between the costs of antipredator
behavior and the benefits of other fitness-related activities such as foraging and …

Many fishes possess specialized epidermal cells that are ruptured by the teeth of predators,
thus reliably indicating the presence of an actively foraging predator. Understanding the …

Hatcheries often produce bold fish that are maladapted to survive in the wild, as absence of
predators and selection for fast growth tend to favour risk-taking behaviors. Not surprisingly …

Many chemicals spilled in aquatic ecosystems can interfere with cognitive abilities and brain
functions that control fitness-related behaviour. Hence, their harmful potential may be …

Strong and unrelenting selection on prey to detect risk of predation has resulted in a diverse
proliferation of behavioral responses to chemical cues associated with predators and …

Despite the importance of predator recognition in mediating predator–prey interactions, we
know little about the specific characteristics that prey use to distinguish predators from non …