Precision medicine has exploited next-generation sequencing (NGS) and gene/immune-
targeted drug deployment to transform the outlook for several lethal cancers. For instance …

There are multiple applications of molecular tests in clinical oncology. Mutation analysis is
now routinely utilized for the diagnosis of hereditary cancer syndromes. Healthy carriers of …

Background Hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) is a CD20+ indolent B-cell cancer in which a BRAF
V600E kinase–activating mutation plays a pathogenetic role. In clinical trials involving …

Disease overview Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and HCL-like disorders, including HCL variant
(HCL-V) and splenic diffuse red pulp lymphoma (SDRPL), are a very heterogeneous group …

Standard treatment options in classic HCL (cHCL) result in high response rates and near
normal life expectancy. However, the disease itself and the recommended standard …

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a distinct clinicopathological entity whose underlying genetic
lesion has remained a mystery for over half a century. The BRAF V600E mutation is now …

The RAF kinases activated by RAS GTPases regulate cell growth and division by signal
transduction through the ERK cascade and mutations leading to constitutive activity are key …

Hyperactivation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK cascade-a mitogen-activated protein kinase
pathway–has a well-known association with oncogenesis of leading tumor entities, including …

Background Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is characterized by the underlying genetic lesion of
BRAF V600E and responsiveness to BRAF inhibitors. We assessed the safety and activity of …

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy has been a breakthrough in cancer research, but only some
patients with cancer derive substantial benefit. Although mechanisms underlying sensitivity …