The pharmacology and toxicology of kratom: from traditional herb to drug of abuse

ML Warner, NC Kaufman, O Grundmann - International journal of legal …, 2016 - Springer
Mitragyna speciosa (Rubiaceae), commonly known as kratom, is a tropical tree with a long
history of traditional use in parts of Africa and Southeast Asia. In recent years, kratom has …

A botanical, phytochemical and ethnomedicinal review of the genus Mitragyna korth: Implications for products sold as kratom

PN Brown, JA Lund, SJ Murch - Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2017 - Elsevier
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance The genus Mitragyna (Rubiacaeae) has been
traditionally used in parts of Africa, Asia and Oceania. In recent years, there has been …

Lateral flow immunoassay for small-molecules detection in phytoproducts: A review

P Nuntawong, W Putalun, H Tanaka… - Journal of Natural …, 2022 - Springer
Phytoproducts are involved in various fields of industry. Small-molecule (Mw< 900 Da)
organic compounds can be used to indicate the quality of plant samples in the perspective of …

Mitragyna speciosa: Clinical, Toxicological Aspects and Analysis in Biological and Non-Biological Samples

V Meireles, T Rosado, M Barroso, S Soares… - Medicines, 2019 - mdpi.com
The abuse of psychotropic substances is a well-known phenomenon, and many of them are
usually associated with ancestral traditions and home remedies. This is the case of …

Seasonal and Geographic Variation in Alkaloid Content of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil.) from Thailand

N Sengnon, P Vonghirundecha, W Chaichan… - Plants, 2023 - mdpi.com
The objective of this study was to obtain data on the distribution of alkaloids in kratom plants
grown in Thailand. Two collections were performed, covering the southern, central, and …

Clinical Pharmacology of the Dietary Supplement Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa)

C Hartley, M Bulloch, SR Penzak - The Journal of Clinical …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) consists of over 40 alkaloids, with 2 of them, mitragynine and 7‐
OH‐mitragynine (7‐OH‐MG) being the main psychoactive compounds. Mitragynine and 7 …

A validated method for the quantification of mitragynine in sixteen commercially available Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) products

KL Fowble, RA Musah - Forensic science international, 2019 - Elsevier
The recent rise in the recreational use of plant-based “legal highs” has prompted the
development of methods for the identification of the bulk material, and quantification of their …

Kratom: A systematic review of toxicological issues

S Kerrigan, S Basiliere - Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews …, 2022 - Wiley Online Library
Kratom is a botanical substance derived from the leaves of Mitragyna speciosa. Although
kratom has been used traditionally in Southeast Asia for over a century, recreational use and …

A critical review of the neuropharmacological effects of kratom: An insight from the functional array of identified natural compounds

R Hossain, A Sultana, M Nuinoon, K Noonong… - Molecules, 2023 - mdpi.com
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Havil) has been considered a narcotic drug for years,
barred by the law in many parts of the world, while extensive research over the past few …

Ameliorative effects of alkaloid extract from Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. Leaves on methamphetamine conditioned place preference in mice

J Nukitram, D Cheaha, N Sengnon… - Journal of …, 2022 - Elsevier
Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil., popularly
known as Kratom (KT), is a medicinal plant used for pain suppression in Southeast Asia. It …