Environmental sustainability criteria and rising energy demands, exhaustion of conventional
resources of energy followed by environmental degradation due to abrupt climate changes …

Catalysts play a significant role in transesterification of vegetable oils. Currently, chemical
and biological catalysts are being investigated, and both have their inherent merits and …

Biodiesel is a fuel that has numerous benefits over traditional petrodiesel. The
transesterification process is the most popular method for biodiesel production from various …

The use of biodiesel blended with petro-diesel reduces emissions of carbon monoxide,
unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matter significantly. It also promotes sustainability …

Specifically, human activities, such as those in industry and transportation, have resulted in
an increase in the demand for fossil fuels, resulting in severe environmental problems …

Biofuels are fossil fuel alternatives produced from agricultural biomass or other organic
matter; considered sustainable, eco-friendly, and bioeconomic biofuels have come up as a …

Due to diminishing fossil fuel supplies and rising energy needs, there has been an ever-
increasing demand for renewable energy sources. The available renewable energy …

Biofuels are a class of clean fuels and promising for energy demand. Biodiesel is relatively
costly, which limits the commercialization of the product. The waste edible oil and animal fats …

Recently, biodiesel production gained more attention due to its benefits against
environmental pollution. For biodiesel production, heterogeneous catalysts were highly …

According to the principles of green chemistry, the rapid recovery and reuse of catalysts after
a catalytic reaction are important factors to realize the sustainable management of chemical …