Bee venom (BV), a type of defensive venom, has been confirmed to have favorable
activities, such as anti-tumor, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-infectivity …

Infectious diseases are considered as a pressing challenge to global public health. Accurate
and rapid diagnostics tools for early recognition of the pathogen, as well as individualized …

Viruses are known to infect most types of organisms. In humans, they can cause several
diseases that range from mild to severe. Although many antiviral therapies have been …

Viruses infect all types of organisms, causing viral diseases, which are very common in
humans. Since viruses use the metabolic pathways of their host cells to replicate, they are …

Bee stings represent a public health subject, but the mechanisms involved in bee venom
toxicity are not yet fully understood. To evaluate the reactions of adrenocortical cells, through …

Apitherapy is defined as “the use of Apis mellifera L. products such as royal jelly, pollen,
honey, propolis, beeswax, and bee venom in the treatment of ailments”. Although honey is …

Animal venom and plant extracts have been used since ancient times in traditional medicine
worldwide. Natural components, valued for their safety and effectiveness, have been …

Melittin (MLT), a peptide containing 26 amino acids, is a key constituent of bee venom. It
comprises∼ 40%–60% of the venom's dry weight and is the main pricing index for bee …

The present review article describes invertebrate venoms and various toxins secreted by
them. Animal venoms are stores of novel peptides which exhibit a wide variety of biological …

1 Several dozen enteroviruses infect human beings and cause nearly three billion infections
per year. Viruses belonging to the genus Enterovirus (family Picornaviridae) include a group …