Infrared (IR) radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 760 nm and
100,000 nm. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) or photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy generally …

The antioxidant system of the human body plays a crucial role in maintaining redox
homeostasis and has an important protective function. Carotenoids have pronounced …

Confocal Raman microscopy has been used to measure depth-dependent profiles of human
SC in vivo in the high wavenumber (HWN) region. In order to keep the linearity of HWN …

Smart biomaterials have been rapidly advancing ever since the concept of tissue
engineering was proposed. Interacting with human cells, smart biomaterials can play a key …

The secondary and tertiary structure of keratin and natural moisturizing factor (NMF) are of
great importance regarding the water regulating functions in the stratum corneum (SC). In …

Information on the penetration depth, pathways, metabolization, storage of vehicles, active
pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and functional cosmetic ingredients (FCIs) of topically …

In contrast to ultraviolet and infrared irradiation, which are known to facilitate cutaneous
photoaging, immunosuppression, or tumour emergence due to formation of free radicals and …

Confocal Raman microscopy has been used to measure depth‐dependent profiles of
porcine skin ex vivo in the high wavenumber region after application of molecular optical …

Porcine skin is widely used as a human skin model in dermatology. For both, porcine
stratum corneum (SC) ex vivo and human SC in vivo, the hydrogen bonding states of water …

The fate of melanin in the epidermis is of great interest due to its involvement in numerous
physiological and pathological processes in the skin. Melanin localization can be assessed …