Better understanding of the immunological components and their interactions necessary to
prevent or control Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection in humans is critical for …

Salmonellosis remains an important cause of human disease worldwide. While there are
several licensed vaccines for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, these vaccines are …

Highlights•Antibody can protect against bacterial, fungal and protozoal intracellular
pathogens.•Vaccines that protect against bacterial intracellular pathogens are …

Background Syphilis is resurgent in many developed countries and still prevalent in
developing nations. Current and future control campaigns would benefit from the …

The use of live-attenuated bacterial vaccines as carriers for the mucosal delivery of foreign
antigens to stimulate the mucosal immune system was first proposed over three decades …

Space exploration programs have long been interested in the effects of spaceflight on
biology. This research is important not only in its relevance to future deep space exploration …

The Rhipicephalus microplus tick is a notorious blood-feeding ectoparasite of livestock,
especially cattle, responsible for massive losses in animal production. It is the main vector …

Bacteria can be used for gene therapy via two strategies–either by transfection of eukaryotic
host cells using bacteria–bactofection or by alternative gene therapy that does not alter the …

Three major plague pandemics caused by the gram-negative bacterium Yersinia pestis
have killed nearly 200 million people in human history. Due to its extreme virulence and the …

Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis are the causative agents of
Tier 1 Select Agents anthrax, plague, and tularemia, respectively. Currently, there are no …