The success of cancer immunotherapy relies on the knowledge of the tumor
microenvironment and the immune evasion mechanisms in which the tumor, stroma, and …

Exosomes are a subset of tiny extracellular vesicles manufactured by all cells and are
present in all body fluids. They are produced actively in tumor cells, which are released and …

Abstract TP53 mutants (mutp53) are involved in the pathogenesis of most human cancers.
Specific mutp53 proteins gain oncogenic functions (GOFs) distinct from the tumor …

Exosomes participate in cancer progression and metastasis by transferring bioactive
molecules between cancer and various cells in the local and distant microenvironments …

Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded
vesicles that carry bioactive molecules and deliver them to recipient cells. Classical EVs are …

Exosomes have emerged as a novel mode of intercellular communication. Exosomes can
shuttle bioactive molecules including proteins, DNA, mRNA, as well as non-coding RNAs …

Simple Summary For the research and development of drug discovery, it is of prime
importance to construct the three-dimensional (3D) tissue models in vitro. To this end, the …

Stemness combines the ability of a cell to perpetuate its lineage, to give rise to differentiated
cells, and to interact with its environment to maintain a balance between quiescence …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a major component of the tumor microenvironment
(TME) and play a key role in promoting tumor progression. The tumor uses exosomes to co …

A particularly important tumor microenvironment relationship exists between cancer cells
and surrounding stromal cells. Fibroblasts, in response to cancer cells, become activated …