Estrogen is a potent steroid with pleiotropic effects, which have yet to be fully elucidated.
Estrogen has both nuclear and non-nuclear effects. The rapid response to estrogen, which …

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones produced in response to oxidative
stress (OS). These proteins are involved in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and …

In acute myocardial infarction (MI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in the
ischaemic myocardium especially after reperfusion. ROS directly injure the cell membrane …

Patients with type 2 diabetes have reduced gene expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 72,
which correlates with reduced insulin sensitivity. Heat therapy, which activates HSP72 …

Mitochondrial oxidative damage contributes to a wide range of pathologies, including
cardiovascular disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, protecting …

Heat shock proteins (Hsp) form the most ancient defense system in all living organisms on
earth. These proteins act as molecular chaperones by helping in the refolding of misfolded …

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury can cause ventricular cell death and is a major
pathological event leading to morbidity and mortality in those with coronary artery disease …

The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is a stress-inducible protein that has been shown to
protect the brain from various nervous system injuries. It allows cells to withstand potentially …

Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury is a major contributor to the morbidity and
mortality associated with coronary artery disease. Muscular exercise is a countermeasure to …

Heart tissue is remarkably sensitive to oxygen deprivation. Although heart cells, like those of
most tissues, rapidly adapt to anoxic conditions, relatively short periods of ischaemia and …