Introduction Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus
(TGEV) are major intestinal coronaviruses that cause vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and …

Background & Aims Functional cure is achieved by a limited number of patients with chronic
hepatitis B (CHB) after nucleotide analogue (s) and interferon treatment. It is urgent to …

Rotavirus (RV) is one of the most significant pathogens in humans and animals with
diarrhea worldwide. Cell entry is the first step in viral infection, and the outer capsid protein …

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) primarily infects suckling piglets and causes severe
economic losses to the swine industry. Cytokines, as part of the innate immune response …

Introduction Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a zoonotic pathogen with a global
distribution, capable of infecting both pigs and humans. To mitigate the risk of cross-species …

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered swine
coronavirus with potential cross-species transmission risk. Although SADS-CoV-induced …

Porcine viral diarrhea is caused by many pathogens and can result in watery diarrhea,
dehydration and death. Various detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction …

Abstract Interferon-induced transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) is a membrane-associated protein
that exhibits antiviral activities against a wide range of viruses through interactions with other …

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an RNA virus causing acute diarrhea, vomiting,
dehydration and high mortality in piglets, and poses significant challenges for the global pig …

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a coronavirus causing diarrhea with high
incidence in swine herds. Its persistent infection might lead to epithelial-mesenchymal …