Johnson1 proposed that obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and laminitis were components of a
clinical syndrome recognized in horses and ponies. The study of EMS is therefore in its …

Abnormalities of insulin metabolism include hyperinsulinaemia and insulin resistance, and
these problems are collectively referred to as insulin dysregulation in this review. Insulin …

Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a widely recognized collection of risk factors for
endocrinopathic laminitis. The most important of these risk factors is insulin dysregulation …

Equine pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID), also known as equine Cushing's
syndrome, is a widely recognized disease of aged horses. Over the past two decades the …

Breed-related differences may occur in the innate insulin sensitivity (SI) of horses and
ponies, an important factor believed to be associated with the risk of laminitis. The aim of this …

Veterinarians have long recognized that obese horses and ponies are prone to laminitis, but
the concept of an equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) was first proposed by Johnson 1 in …

Background Certain individuals appear to be predisposed to recurrent pasture‐associated
laminitis. Previous studies have predominantly investigated risk factors only after disease …

Laminitis is one of the most common and frustrating clinical presentations in equine practice.
While the principles of treatment for laminitis have not changed for several decades, there …

Endocrinopathic causes of laminitis may be a common underlying causative pathogenesis
in first-opinion or field cases presenting with laminitis, as opposed to laminitis produced in …

Background Quantifying risk factors for laminitis development requires improvement.
Objectives To identify the most useful physical examination, metabolic and management …