In this survey, we argue that the economic analysis of fertility has entered a new era. First-
generation models of fertility choice were designed to account for two empirical regularities …

Using data from social security records and an event study approach, we estimate the child
penalty in Spain, looking at disparities for women and men across different labor outcomes …

Job insecurity can have wide-ranging consequences outside of the labor market. A 1999
rise in the French layoff tax paid by large private firms when they laid off older workers made …

Family formation is fostered by circumstances of plannability and economic and social
stability. Conversely, as documented in previous literature, employment instability can …

Some high‐income countries have total fertility rates as low as one child. Using Spanish
administrative data, we document that temporary contracts correlate with lower first birth …

I examine the causal effect of incentives to permanent employment on fertility by exploiting
exogenous variation in subsidies given by the Spanish local authorities to employers …

The total fertility rate is well below its replacement level of 2.1 children in high-income
countries. Why do women choose such low fertility levels? We study how labor market …

This paper presents compelling evidence that the extensive use of temporary contracts in
Italy affects fertility. Using work histories between 2003 and 2010 for specific reforms in the …

The US differs from other OECD countries in terms of family policy size and composition.
This study examines the welfare and macroeconomic effects of family policy reforms. I …

Family formation has been substantially delayed in recent decades, and birth rates have
fallen below the replacement rates in many OECD countries. Research suggests that these …