The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the
nervous system. During fetal development, the initial colonization of the microbiome …

Background There are 15· 4 million children who are HIV-exposed and uninfected
worldwide. Early child development crucially influences later academic and socioeconomic …

Immunization during pregnancy has been recommended in an increasing number of
countries. The aim of this strategy is to protect pregnant women and infants from severe …

Background: Exposure in utero to certain medications can disrupt processes of fetal
development, including brain development, leading to a continuum of neurodevelopmental …

Background With the emergence of newborn congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) screening
programs, more infants are being diagnosed and require long-term follow-up. The objective …

Background The chemical composition of human milk has long-lasting effects on brain
development. We examined the prognostic value of the human milk metabolome and …

Phthalates have been linked to changes in child neurodevelopment. However, sex-
specificity has been reported inconsistently, and little is known about the impact of recent …

Background and objectives Studies focusing on the neurodevelopmental effects of
phthalates seldom consider exposure during infancy, a critical period for brain development …

Background/Objectives: Neuro-developmental disorders impose a wide range of learning
barriers on learners, increasing stress among their teachers. Evidence attests to the …

The human brain consumes five orders of magnitude more energy than the sun by unit of
mass and time. This staggering bioenergetic cost serves mostly synaptic transmission and …