A continuing debate in language acquisition research is whether there are critical periods
(CPs) in development during which the system is most responsive to environmental input …

Humans and many other animals have an enormous capacity to learn about sensory stimuli
and to master new skills. However, many of the mechanisms that enable us to learn remain …

Inhibitory synapses dampen neuronal activity through postsynaptic hyperpolarization. The
composition of the inhibitory postsynapse and the mechanistic basis of its regulation …

The potency of the environment to shape brain function changes dramatically across the
lifespan. Neural circuits exhibit profound plasticity during early life and are later stabilized. A …

Hubel and Wiesel began the modern study of development and plasticity of primary visual
cortex (V1), discovering response properties of cortical neurons that distinguished them from …

Hebb postulated that, to store information in the brain, assemblies of excitatory neurons
coding for a percept are bound together via associative long-term synaptic plasticity. In this …

The neurotransmitters GABA and glycine mediate fast synaptic inhibition by activating ligand-
gated chloride channels—namely, type A GABA (GABAA) and glycine receptors. Both types …

Studies on synaptic plasticity in the context of learning have been dominated by the view
that a single, particular type of plasticity forms the underlying mechanism for a particular type …

The balance between excitatory and inhibitory (E and I) synapses is thought to be critical for
information processing in neural circuits. However, little is known about the spatial principles …

How learning enhances neural representations for behaviorally relevant stimuli via activity
changes of cortical cell types remains unclear. We simultaneously imaged responses of …