Drought and salinity are among the most important environmental factors that hampered
agricultural productivity worldwide. Both stresses can induce several morphological …

Plants have inherent capabilities to modulate their resistance against both biotic and abiotic
stresses. Plant–microorganism interactions in the rhizosphere play vital role in such …

Many animals have evolved associations with symbiotic microbes that benefit the host
through increased growth, lifespan, and survival. Some interactions are obligate (essential …

Endosymbiotic bacteria that live inside the cells of insects are typically only transmitted
maternally and can spread by increasing host fitness and/or modifying reproduction in …

Background Ixodes ricinus ticks vector pathogens that cause serious health concerns. Like
in other arthropods, the microbiome may affect the tick's biology, with consequences for …

Highlights•Hamiltonella defensa is a bacterial symbiont protecting aphids against
parasitoids.•APSE viruses infect H. defensa and play key roles in the defensive …

Insect herbivores have ubiquitous associations with microorganisms that have major effects
on how host insects may interact in their environment. Recently, increased attention has …

Parasite‐mediated selection can rapidly drive up resistance levels in host populations, but
fixation of resistance traits may be prevented by costs of resistance. Black bean aphids …

Vector-borne pathogens frequently modify traits of their primary hosts and vectors in ways
that influence disease transmission. Such effects can themselves be altered by the presence …

Symbioses are significant drivers of insect evolutionary ecology. Despite recent findings that
these associations can emerge from environmentally derived bacterial precursors, there is …