In the mammalian brain, a family of sodium-dependent transporters maintains low
extracellular glutamate and shapes excitatory signaling. The bulk of this activity is mediated …

During neuronal activity in the brain, extracellular K+ rises and is subsequently removed to
prevent a widespread depolarization. One of the key players in regulating extracellular K+ is …

Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurologic diseases, yet approximately one-
third of affected patients do not respond to anticonvulsive drugs that target neurons or …

Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a protein kinase C (PKC)-activated phosphoprotein,
is often implicated in axonal plasticity and regeneration. In this study, we found that GAP43 …

Actin-depolymerization factor (ADF)/cofilin, a family of actin-binding proteins, are critical for
the regulation of actin reorganization in response to various signals. Accumulating evidence …

The transmembrane Na+ concentration gradient is an important source of energy required
not only to enable the generation of action potentials in excitable cells, but also for various …

Stroke is a common and serious condition, with few therapies. Whilst previous focus has
been directed towards biochemical events within neurons, none have successfully …

Decreased Na+, K+-ATPase (NKA) activity causes energy deficiency, which is commonly
observed in neurodegenerative diseases. The NKA is constituted of three subunits: α, β, and …

Neurovascular unit (NVU) is considered as a conceptual framework for investigating the
mechanisms as well as developing therapeutic targets for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke …

Astrocytes are a target for regenerative neurobiology because in brain injury their phenotype
arbitrates brain integrity, neuronal death and subsequent repair and reconstruction. We …