Executive summary “Depression is a disorder of mood, so mysteriously painful and elusive
in the way it becomes known to the self—to the mediating intellect—as to verge close to …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) was previously hypothesized to be a disease of
monoamine deficiency in which low levels of monoamines in the synaptic cleft were …

Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Recent observations have revealed
an association between mood disorders and alterations of the intestinal microbiota. Here …

Chronic stress constitutes a major risk factor for depression that can disrupt various aspects
of homeostasis, including the gut microbiome (GM). We have recently shown that GM …

Volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are among
the most well-documented neural abnormalities in major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Objective: Imaging studies of major depressive disorder have reported structural and
functional abnormalities in a variety of spatially diverse brain regions. Quantitative meta …

Depressive disorders (DDs) are one of the most widespread forms of psychiatric pathology.
According to the World Health Organization, about 350 million people in the world are …

We propose that depression can be viewed as an adaptation to conserve energy after the
perceived loss of an investment in a vital resource such as a relationship, group identity, or …

In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only~ 10–15%
of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological …

Of wide interest for health is the relation existing between depression, a very common
psychological illness, accompanied by anxiety and reduced ability to concentrate, and adult …