Planktonic mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are ubiquitous protists and often
abundant in marine environments. Recently many phototrophic dinoflagellate species have …

Historically most harmful algal species (HAS) have been thought to be strictly phototrophic.
Mixotrophy, the use of phototrophy and heterotrophy in combination, has been emphasized …

For decades, high densities of the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum have been
associated with aquatic faunal mortalities worldwide. This small (< 8–12μm) athecate …

We studied the variability of in vivo absorption coefficients and PSII‐scaled fluorescence
excitation (fl‐ex) spectra of high light (HL) and low light (LL) acclimated cultures of 33 …

Most photosynthetic dinoflagellates contain a chloroplast with peridinin as the major
carotenoid. Chloroplasts from other algal lineages have been reported, suggesting multiple …

A recent (February 2014) mass mortality of fishes was observed in the cage-farming region
of the West Johor Strait of Malaysia, involving over four different species of cultured fishes …

As the number of mixotrophic protists has been increasingly documented,“mixoplankton”, a
third category separated from the traditional categorization of plankton into “phytoplankton” …

Dinoflagellates are a diverse group of ecologically significant micro-eukaryotes that can
serve as a model system for plastid symbiogenesis due to their susceptibility to plastid loss …

The family Kareniaceae is mostly known in France for recurrent blooms of Karenia mikimotoi
in the Atlantic, English Channel, and Mediterranean Sea and for the unusual green …

Karlodinium is a dinoflagellate responsible for fish-killing events worldwide. In Alfacs Bay
(NW Mediterranean Sea), the presence of two Karlodinium species (K. veneficum and K …