Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between
cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular …

Initiating and maintaining optimal immune responses requires high levels of protein
synthesis, folding, modification and trafficking in leukocytes, which are processes …

IL-17A–producing γδ T cells in mice consist primarily of Vγ6+ tissue-resident cells and Vγ4+
circulating cells. How these γδ T cell subsets are regulated during homeostasis and cancer …

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a cellular stress response characterized by excessive
contraction of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It is a pathological hallmark of many …

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), expressed in dysfunctional
and exhausted T cells, has been widely acknowledged as a promising immune checkpoint …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) provokes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in
malignant cells and infiltrating immune populations. Sensing and responding to ER stress is …

T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3) is an important
immune checkpoint molecule initially identified as a marker of IFN-γ–producing CD4+ and …

Dendritic cells (DCs) sense environmental cues and adopt either an immune-stimulatory or
regulatory phenotype, thereby fine-tuning immune responses. Identifying endogenous …

Immune checkpoint molecules play a pivotal role in the initiation, regulation, and termination
of immune responses. Tumor cells exploit these checkpoints to dampen immune cell …

Dysfunctional immune cells participate in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune
diseases, although the specific mechanisms remain elusive and effective clinical …