Hemodialysis (HD) majorly represents the global treatment option for patients with chronic
kidney disease stage 5, and, despite advances in dialysis technology, these patients face a …

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 enters into the human body mainly through the ACE2+
TMPRSS2+ nasal epithelial cells. The initial host response to this pathogen occurs in a …

Rhinovirus infections can cause wheezing illnesses in all age groups. In preschool children,
rhinovirus infections frequently initiate acute wheezing illnesses. Children who wheeze with …

Viral respiratory tract infection (RTI) is the most frequent cause of infectious illnesses
including the common cold. Pharmacological solutions for treating or preventing viral RTIs …

Xylitol has been widely documented to have dental health benefits, such as reducing the risk
for dental caries. Here we report on other health benefits that have been investigated for …

Rationale: Alteration of human respiratory microbiota had been observed in coronavirus
disease (COVID-19). How the microbiota is associated with the prognosis in COVID-19 is …

Research conducted on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
pathogenesis and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) generally focuses on the systemic …

Rhinovirus (RV) is an RNA virus that causes more than 50% of upper respiratory tract
infections in humans worldwide. Together with Respiratory Syncytial Virus, RV is one of the …

Background The mucosa serves as the first defence against pathogens and facilitates the
surveillance and elimination of symbiotic bacteria by mucosal immunity. Recently, the mRNA …

Objective To provide a state of the art review of intranasal antiviral drug delivery and to
discuss current applications, adverse reactions, and future considerations in the …