Purpose Recent years have seen a change in the way that clinical trials are being
conducted. There has been a rise of designs more flexible than traditional adaptive and …

This paper shows the scale of global health research and the context in which we frame the
subsequent papers in the Series. In this Series paper, we provide a historical perspective on …

Adaptive designs (ADs) allow pre-planned changes to an ongoing trial without
compromising the validity of conclusions and it is essential to distinguish pre-planned from …

Clinical trials have documented numerous clinical features, social characteristics, and
biomarkers that are “prescriptive” predictors of depression treatment response, that is …

Motivation The identification of biomarkers to support decision-making is central to
personalized medicine, in both clinical and research scenarios. The challenge can be seen …

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented response in terms of clinical
research activity. An important part of this research has been focused on randomized …

While interest in the application of machine learning to improve healthcare has grown
tremendously in recent years, a number of barriers prevent deployment in medical practice …

Clinical trials have identified a variety of predictor variables for use in precision treatment
protocols, ranging from clinical biomarkers and symptom profiles to self-report measures of …

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are conducted to evaluate the effect of an experimental
treatment on outcomes of a target patient population. Eligibility criteria for large trials are …

Clinical trials target patients who are expected to benefit from a new treatment under
investigation. However, the magnitude of the treatment benefit, if it exists, often depends on …