Abstract Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major cytokine that promotes anti-and pro-inflammatory
outcomes by activating the membrane IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) or the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL …

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory
demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which is a severely disabling …

Steroid resistance poses a major challenge for the management of autoimmune
neuroinflammation. T helper 17 (TH17) cells are widely implicated in the pathology of steroid …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins playing a key role in innate and adaptive
immune responses. TLRs are involved in the development and progression of neuroimmune …

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare, disabling, sometimes fatal central nervous system
inflammatory demyelinating disease that is associated with antibodies (“NMO IgG”) that …

Background T helper (Th17) cells play an important role in many autoimmune diseases. In
this meta-analysis, we aimed to specify the proportion of Th17 cells and the levels of Th17 …

AQP4-IgG has been considered as the pathogenic factor leading to NMOSD. However,
about 20–30% of patients lack AQP4-IgG. So far, all therapeutic medicines are ineffective for …

Background Recent evidences have suggested the involvement of toll-like receptor (TLR)-4
in the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). Elevated frequency of …

Signalling through Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) may play a role in the pathogenesis of
autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). In the present study, the expression …

Abtstact Background High frequency of circulating Th17 cell subsets expressing TLR2, TLR4
and TLR9 was observed in Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients, a …